AMH is a glyco-protein hormone playing a fundamental role in growth differentiation.

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While in the male embryo AMH causes the Müllerian ducts to disappear, in the female embryo in the absence of AMH the Müllerian ducts develop into the inner productive organs.

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In females, AMH is secreted by the granulosa cells of the preantral and small antral ovarian follicles. Production of AMH regulates follicle recruitment and growth of small follicles while preventing exhaustion of the follicular pool.

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Serum levels of AMH reflect the continuous growth of follicles and thus are considered as an accurate endocrine marker of the ovarian reserve and the reproductive lifespan.

AMH can also be used for detection of ovarian dysfunction, such as PCOS, as well as personalization of infertility management.